Microcontrollers

Microcontroller is a computer with most necessary chips onboard. Like all other Computers it has

· A central processing unit (CPU) to execute a program.

· Some random access memory (RAM) to store variables.

· Some read only memory (ROM) to store code.

· Some input output port (I/O) for to establish a communication with keyboard, mouse or other peripherals.

One Microcontroller is dedicated to execute one program, for which the code is stored in ROM and the program does not change. The program can be locked by security bit. A Microcontroller can receive signal from a device it is controlling and control the device by sending signal to the different components of that device. For any kind of product price is a very important consideration, from that point of view it is a very low cost device. Also it is a low power IC.